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Pandemic of Control: Digital Authoritarianism and COVID-19 in the Asia-Pacific

This post is also available in: Indonesian

Once upon a time, the internet was seen as a force for good. This is no longer the case. While the internet and digital platforms can still be used to speak out and organise against authoritarianism, our digital world is now a dangerous space for those who dare to criticise power from all sides. State and non-state actors actively target critical and oppositional voices, and networked surveillance is keeping a close eye on dissenters and activists. Peer-to-peer surveillance is growing, where ordinary citizens police those who deviate from government policies.

Digital authoritarianism has accelerated over the past two years. The panic of COVID-19 has driven governments to devise ways of managing their citizens and controlling information and activities using digital technologies. Big and small tech companies, law enforcement agencies, and other vested stakeholders have worked closely with governments to exploit the opportunity to expand their power, control, and profits.

Technologies are being created to track our movements, record who we come into contact with, and segment us based on our health and vaccination status. There is little transparency on how these technologies work, and public-private partnerships provide cover for accountability.

Through diverse Asia-Pacific perspectives, Pandemic of Control aims to address the rise of digital authoritarianism by raising awareness, sparking conversation, and encouraging action.

Read the Series

Surveillance regime and threats to privacy: Digital authoritarianism in Myanmar
  • Mi-Kun
  • 27/07/2023
Technology helped the people of Myanmar cope with COVID-19. But the military junta has also taken advantage of the health crisis to strengthen its digital dictatorship through various surveillance practices deployed concurrently with the pandemic.
Singapore under the Pandemic: The Normalisation of Digital Authoritarianism
  • James Gomez
  • 30/06/2023
The COVID-19 pandemic normalised digital authoritarianism in Singapore and shaped the city-state’s attitude and mindset towards state surveillance, writes James Gomez, Regional Director at the Asia Centre.
Post-pandemic, lockdown on rights persists in the Philippines
  • Ronalyn Olea
  • 21/06/2023
In the Philippines, some of the measures enacted at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic continue to be used to this day to repress freedom of expression, especially critical voices, and normalise state surveillance.
‘Pandemic of Control’ now available in digital reader formats
  • EngageMedia
  • 15/09/2022
Published between April and August 2022, the 10 articles from Indonesia, Vietnam, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Australia examine the how and the why of each country’s pandemic response, and shed light on more rights-respecting paths.
Pretty Good Podcast Episode 21: Pandemic of Control in South Asia
  • EngageMedia
  • 31/08/2022
Harindrini Corea and Zayed Siddiki, contributors of EngageMedia’s Pandemic of Control series, elaborate on how the digital technologies used for pandemic management have infringed on human and digital rights in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.
C19 Samik Kharel
​​Towards digital authoritarianism in Nepal: Surveillance, data collection, and online repression
  • Samik Kharel
  • 16/08/2022
The government’s COVID-19 response opened the door to various threats to human and digital rights. With the influence of its neighbours with poor rights records, Nepal must decide on its own path if it envisions a democratic digital ecosystem.
Disruptive Technologies, Surveillance as Governance: Data (Un)Democracy in India during COVID-19
  • Preeti Raghunath
  • 11/08/2022
India’s focus on a deterministic and ideological usage of technology to manage the COVID-19 health crisis has not only mismanaged the pandemic, but has pushed the country to contend with Orwellian realities.
Digital authoritarianism in Bangladesh: Weaponising a draconian law to silence dissent in the pandemic era
  • Zayed Siddiki
  • 14/07/2022
The COVID-19 pandemic provided the government with pretext to censor free speech, harass critics, and effectively curb dissent – accelerating what has been an ongoing turn towards authoritarianism in Bangladesh.
A COVID-19 power grab: Looming digital authoritarianism in Indonesia
  • Damar Juniarto
  • 05/07/2022
In Indonesia, the COVID-19 pandemic has provided the government with the opportunity to further accelerate digital authoritarianism through online surveillance, censorship, and online manipulation.
Policing the pandemic: Australia’s technology response to COVID-19
  • Samantha Floreani
  • 28/06/2022
Australia adopted a range of technology based responses to address the COVID-19 pandemic, but this approach resulted in “solutions” that ranged from the outright ineffective to the actively punitive.
Risking health for mobility? Limitations of Indonesia’s pandemic management tool
  • Guest Writer
  • 23/06/2022
Amid Indonesia’s rollout of the PeduliLindungi app, one immunocompromised individual balances prioritising their health with the government’s exclusionary requirements to access basic services.
How the economically marginalised navigate digital adoption in India amid the pandemic
  • Vaishnavi and Anish Mishra
  • 10/06/2022
COVID-19 drove the shift to digital services in India, but this has left informal workers struggling to access basic services and protect their personal data within a system they do not fully understand.
Introducing the ‘Pandemic of Control’ series
  • Andrew Lowenthal
  • 05/04/2022
In this 10-part series, EngageMedia and CommonEdge have invited 10 changemakers to respond to the current "pandemic of control" in the Asia-Pacific, amid growing digital authoritarianism that has only accelerated due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Read 'Pandemic of Control' in Bahasa Indonesia

Kontestasi kekuasaan kala COVID-19: Bayangan otoritarianisme digital di Indonesia

Damar Juniarto | 07/05/2022
Di saat ruang publik di Indonesia semakin menyusut akibat adanya penyensoran daring, pengintaian siber, dan pemadaman internet, pandemi COVID-19 telah membuka jalan bagi pemerintah untuk mempercepat laju otoritarianisme digital.

Mengorbankan kesehatan demi mobilitas? Keterbatasan alat kelola pandemi Indonesia

Guest Writer | 06/23/2022
Dengan meluasnya pemberlakuan aplikasi PeduliLindungi di Indonesia, seorang pengidap penyakit autoimun harus mencari titik tengah antara kesehatannya dengan persyaratan-persyaratan pemerintah yang merintangi akses layanan-layanan dasar.

Memperkenalkan seri ‘Pandemic of Control’

Andrew Lowenthal | 06/13/2022

Dalam seri yang terdiri dari 10 bagian ini, EngageMedia dan CommonEdge mengundang 10 agen perubahan untuk menanggapi “pandemi pembatasan” (pandemic of control) di Asia Pasifik di saat otoritarianisme tumbuh semakin pesat akibat pandemi COVID-19.

PeduliLindungi: Benarkah Peduli dan Lindungi?

Siti Rochmah Desyana | 05/04/2022
Di Indonesia, aplikasi PeduliLindungi sudah menjadi satu kesatuan dan tak terpisahkan dari pandemi COVID-19. Akan tetapi, beberapa faktor menimbulkan ancaman baru yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya, yang tidak memberikan jalan lain bagi warga untuk melindungi data mereka.

Kontestasi kekuasaan kala COVID-19: Bayangan otoritarianisme digital di Indonesia

Damar Juniarto | 07/05/2022
Di saat ruang publik di Indonesia semakin menyusut akibat adanya penyensoran daring, pengintaian siber, dan pemadaman internet, pandemi COVID-19 telah membuka jalan bagi pemerintah untuk mempercepat laju otoritarianisme digital.

Mengorbankan kesehatan demi mobilitas? Keterbatasan alat kelola pandemi Indonesia

Guest Writer | 06/23/2022
Dengan meluasnya pemberlakuan aplikasi PeduliLindungi di Indonesia, seorang pengidap penyakit autoimun harus mencari titik tengah antara kesehatannya dengan persyaratan-persyaratan pemerintah yang merintangi akses layanan-layanan dasar.

Memperkenalkan seri ‘Pandemic of Control’

Andrew Lowenthal | 06/13/2022

Dalam seri yang terdiri dari 10 bagian ini, EngageMedia dan CommonEdge mengundang 10 agen perubahan untuk menanggapi “pandemi pembatasan” (pandemic of control) di Asia Pasifik di saat otoritarianisme tumbuh semakin pesat akibat pandemi COVID-19.

PeduliLindungi: Benarkah Peduli dan Lindungi?

Siti Rochmah Desyana | 05/04/2022
Di Indonesia, aplikasi PeduliLindungi sudah menjadi satu kesatuan dan tak terpisahkan dari pandemi COVID-19. Akan tetapi, beberapa faktor menimbulkan ancaman baru yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya, yang tidak memberikan jalan lain bagi warga untuk melindungi data mereka.

Related Posts

From contact tracing to voter tracing? Risk of data misuse in the Philippines
  • Vino Lucero
  • 04/02/2022
With issues on data privacy, the Philippines' contact tracing system exhibits red flags for Filipinos' digital rights. But there's another danger: that contact tracing data could be used to reach voters in the 2022 national elections.
Vaccine passports: Ineffective for curbing COVID-19 transmissions, risky for digital security
  • Khairil Zhafri
  • 14/01/2022
In many Asia-Pacific countries, contact tracing apps are now doubling as vaccine passports, used by governments to enforce various restrictions on travel and entry to a wide variety of venues and establishments. But the widespread waning of vaccine protection against infection and transmission requires a debate on whether vaccine passports are effective as a pandemic management tool  – or merely a form of theatre that opens up a host of privacy, and security issues.
A Call for Action and Renewal: Reflections on 2021
  • Andrew Lowenthal
  • 21/12/2021
As a new digital authoritarianism has taken hold amid the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a great necessity to re-invigorate human rights and civil liberties. Addressing this will be EngageMedia's key focus in 2022, through our various projects on digital rights, open and secure technology, and Video for Change.
Portraits of a Pandemic: Films on the unequal impact of COVID-19 in the Asia-Pacific
  • EngageMedia Editorial
  • 20/12/2021
For our final playlist in 2021, EngageMedia curates a collection of short films that magnifies the daily struggles of individuals and communities during these challenging times, and reflects the wide-ranging impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in ways that are both apparent and invisible.
COVID-19 contact tracing: At what cost to our privacy, rights, and freedoms?
  • Khairil Zhafri
  • 17/12/2021
Do contact tracing apps help reduce the spread of COVID-19? As their usage has become ubiquitous, there is a trend towards more features that are not related to or necessary for contact tracing being introduced in these apps, such as vaccine certification and third-party integrations with commercial services without due regard to privacy, security, and accessibility.
COVID-19 Manila Media Frontliner Video for Change
Shooting COVID-19: Media frontliners in Manila
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Almost two months into the enhanced community quarantine in Luzon province, uncertainty and fear loom over the streets of Manila as dissatisfaction with the Philippine government’s COVID-19 pandemic response grows. Despite this, video journalists like JL Burgos continue to take risks and pursue stories from marginalised communities to create films that call for a better society after the pandemic.
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The video “Manila’s Poor Under Lockdown” delves into the fears of vendors, jeepney drivers and homeless people as the megacity shuts down amidst the global COVID-19 pandemic.

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